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Inventory Management for Retail — Periodic Review Policy

https://ift.tt/3FZU2r4 Inventory Management for Retail — Periodic Review Policy Implement inventory management rules based on a periodic r...

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Inventory Management for Retail — Periodic Review Policy

Implement inventory management rules based on a periodic review policy to reduce the number of stores replenishments

Periodic Review Inventory Policy with a Stochastic Demand — (Image by Author)

Objective

Design inventory management rules that minimize the number of replenishments and meet stores demand.

Introduction

For most retailers, inventory management systems take a fixed, rule-based approach to forecast and replenishment orders management.

The objective is to build a replenishment policy that will minimize ordering, holding and shortage costs.

In a previous article, we have built a simulation model based on a continuous review inventory policy, assuming a normal distribution of the demand.

Inventory Management for Retail — Stochastic Demand

However, this kind of policy can be inefficient when you handle a large portfolio of items that may have different replenishment cycle lengths.

In this article, we will improve this model and implement a periodic review policy with Python to limit the number of replenishments.

SUMMARY
I. Scenario
1. Problem Statement
As an Inventory Manager of a mid-size retail chain, you are in charge of setting the replenishment quantity in the ERP.
2. Limits of the continuous review policy
What is the impact a continuous review policy on the number of replenishments when you handle several hundred SKUs?
II. Periodic Review Policy: Order-Up-To-Level (R, S)
1. Introduction of the Inventory Policy
2. Definition of the Safety Stock
3. How do you define k?
III. Example of Replenishment Policies
IV. Conclusion

I. Scenario

1. Inventory Management for Retail

As an Inventory Manager of a mid-size retail chain, you are in charge of setting the replenishment quantity in the ERP.

Because your warehouse operational manager is complaining about the orders frequencies, you start to challenge the replenishment rules implemented in the ERP, especially for the fast runners.

Previously we have implemented several inventory rules based on continuous review policies.

At each time t we check the inventory on hand (IOH):

Equations— (Image by Author)

Example for 1 SKU

Continuous Review Policy with N(2000, 50)-(Image by Author)

We need 27 replenishment orders per year.

Question
How frequently do you need to order if you manage 2,294 SKUs?

2. Limits of the continuous review policies

You can find the source code with dummy data in my Github repository: Link
My portfolio for other Supply Chain related articles: Samir Saci

We suppose that we only have 365 days of sales

  • 10 stores (STORE_1, … STORE_10)
  • 1 product family (FOOD_GROCERY)
  • 2,294 unique SKU (STORE ID + PRODUCT FAMILY + ITEM CODE)

Simulation 1

Let’s implement the continuous review policy for 1 SKU

  • SKU: STORE_1-FOOD_GROCERY_009
  • Safety stock designed with k = 3
    (3 times the standard deviation of the demand distribution)
  • Order Quantity: Q = 3 x Average_Annual_Sales
Continuous review policy 1 SKU— (Image by Author)
Comments
18 replenishments in the first 100 days

Simulation 2

What if we have now 10 SKUs to manage?

Replenishments with 10 SKUs — (Image by Author)
Comments
54 replenishments in the first 100 days

Simulation 3

What if we have 100 SKUs to manage?

Replenishments with 100 SKUs — (Image by Author)
Comments
935 replenishments in the first 100 days with less than 10 days without orders

Simulation 4

What if we have 2,294 SKUs to manage?

Replenishments with 2,994 SKUs — (Image by Author)
Comments
19,267 replenishments in the first 100 days (less than 10 days without orders)

With this method, the number of replenishments is exploding when you have a large portfolio.

Solution

We will build a replenishment policy using periodic reviews.

II. Periodic Review Policy: Order-Up-To-Level (R, S)

1. Introduction of the Inventory Policy

To solve this issue of replenishments frequency, let us introduce a periodic review policy (s, Q)

  • At each period R, the inventory on hand (IOH) level will be reviewed
  • Stores will order to reach an inventory level of S

To simplify the comprehension, let’s introduce some notations:

Equations— (Image by Author)

2. Definition of the Order-Up-To-Level S

How to calculate the level S:

Equations — (Image by Author)

The level S is calculated to set the inventory at a level that will cover the need during the review period and the replenishment lead time.

3. How do you define k?

Your performance metrics will be directly impacted by the safety stock level

  1. You fix a target for any of the two metrics (e.g: I want the Cycle Service Level to be 95%)
  2. You calculate k to reach this target based on the distribution of your demand (Normal, Poisson)
  3. You fix your reorder point

Code

III. Example of replenishment policies

1. Example with SKU: STORE_1-FOOD_GROCERY_009

Review Period: R = 10 days
k = 1

Periodic review policy for empirical demand SKU = STORE_1-FOOD_GROCERY_009 — (Image by Author)
Comments
10 replenishments vs. 18 replenishments in the first 100 days with 0 stock-outs

2. How many replenishments if you handle the full portfolio?

Replenishments with 2,994 SKUs — (Image by Author)
Comments
13,986 replenishments vs. 19,267 replenishments in the first 100 days with only 10 days of replenishments

IV. Conclusion

After implementing a periodic review policy you will reduce your operating costs by

  • Limiting the time windows of replenishments
    This will optimize your resources for inventory management, order preparation and transportation management.
  • Reducing the number of replenishments
    This will increase the quantity per replenishment and provide opportunities for shipment consolidations for stores delivered at the same time.

My Portfolio: https://samirsaci.com

References

[1] — Supply Chain Science, Wallace J. Hopp


Inventory Management for Retail — Periodic Review Policy was originally published in Towards Data Science on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.



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